The effective organization of medical care and proper introduction of the latest and most innovative approaches to the healthcare system are fundamental factors for reducing mortality on a regional and national scale. Healthcare experts and government officials are paying close attention to the development of new solutions to modernize the primary healthcare system, improve patient routing, expand the availability of human resources at healthcare organizations, and strengthen public health through regional programmes and projects. Which regional practices have proven to be the most effective for reducing mortality? How can the best regional practices in fighting for people’s lives be scaled up to other regions of the Russian Federation? Which approaches and strategies for interagency interaction with public organizations are most effective in creating healthy habits among the population? How do comprehensive programmes for disease prevention as well as the early detection and timely treatment of patients affect demographic indicators and people’s quality of life?