Diabetes is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among the population. In an effort to combat the disease, the new ‘Combatting Diabetes’ federal project, which envisages a systemic and interdisciplinary approach to preventing the spread of diabetes, has been included in the ‘Long and Active Life’ national project. Work has been planned and is underway to reorganize the endocrinology service and create regional endocrinology centres and a centralized system of health schools for patients. The development and introduction of new promising drugs and technologies, as well as ensuring the broad availability of existing drug therapy and medical products, are key aspects of the strategies to combat diabetes. To prevent the onset of diabetes and obesity, a set of measures should be integrated into the solution system to strengthen public health, promote healthy eating, and raise awareness among patients and doctors about the causes of diabetes. What factors and innovative drugs and technologies could contribute to success in treating the disease? How can we accelerate the introduction of digital technologies into the practice of combatting diabetes? How can we provide diabetes patients with Russian-made continuous glucose monitoring systems? What fiscal policy measures could regulate the market of sugar-containing products? How can we stimulate the healthy food market and ensure its availability to the population? What public health programmes, including ones that aim to combat obesity in children and adolescents, could help prevent diabetes? How can we increase the vigilance of doctors and patients regarding diabetes?